Herausgeber*in: Asia Floor Wage Alliance (AFWA) and other organisations in Asia

Schlagwörter: Arbeitsbedingungen, Bekleidungsindustrie, COVID19, Existenzlohn, Frauen, GBVH, Löhne, Nachhaltigkeit, Unternehmensverantwortung

Kurzbeschreibung:

The study documents women garment workers’ experiences of genderbased violence and harassment (GBVH) in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic in Asian production countries. It elaborates “economic harm” as a form of GBVH, underscoring how the business models of global apparel brand and their actions during the pandemic-induced recession exacerbated women worker’s vulnerability to violence both inside the factories and in their homes, families, and communities, leading the feminisation of the COVID-19 crisis.

Erscheinungsjahr: 2021

Sprache: Englisch

Umfang: 101 Seiten

Zielgruppe: Studierende, Dozierende

Bezug: kostenfrei zum Download

Herausgeber*in: Laudes Foundation

Autor*in: Margot Brent, Kate Coles, Cliodhnagh Conlon, Juliette Lemaire, Laura Macias, Jacob Park

Schlagwörter: Arbeitsbedingungen, Arbeitsplatzsicherheit, Bekleidungsindustrie, Circular Economy, Frauen, Kreislaufwirtschaft, Nachhaltigkeit, Unternehmensverantwortung, Transformation

Kurzbeschreibung:

In the garment and textile industry, circularity is rapidly gaining momentum given its environmental benefits, commercial promise, and rising consumer interest. Clothing resale, for example, is expected to grow 11 times faster than traditional retail by 2025.

The industry, which employs an estimated 60-70 million people in its value chain, must now grapple with the following questions: how will circular fashion impact job opportunities and job quality? And how can we ensure that the transition to a circular fashion system is just, fair, and inclusive?

The KWIL team investigated the job impacts of a shift to circularity, using foresight methodologies to account for macro forces reshaping the industry, such as automation and climate disruption. The research focused on the US, Europe, and India and included the following workstreams: Primary and Secondary Research, Economic Modelling and Scenario Planning.

Erscheinungsjahr: 2021

Sprache: Englisch

Umfang: 153 Seiten

Zielgruppe: Studierende, Dozierende

Bezug: kostenfrei zum Download

Exploitation made in Europe

Herausgeber_innen: Clean Clothes Campaign CCC (European Production Focus Group)

Autor_in: Bettina Musiolek, Bojana Tamindžija, Stefan Aleksić, Anna Oksiutovych, Oksana Dutchak, Georgi Medarov, Ana Vragolović

Kategorien:

Themen:             Unternehmenskritik/Arbeitsbedingungen, Wertschöpfungskette/ Globalisierung/ Welthandel

Zielgruppe:        Student_innen, Erwachsene

Medien:              Hintergrundinformationen

Schlagwörter: Arbeitsbedingungen, EU-Politik, Existenzlohn, Einkaufspraktiken, Frauen, Gender, Living wage, Lohn, Menschenrechte, Osteuropa, Produktionsländer, Studie, Unternehmensverantwortung

Kurzbeschreibung:

Germany is one of the world’s largest importers and exporters of garments. German fashion brands and retailers are the primary buyers of fashion items from Ukraine and Bulgaria, as well as the second most important buyers from Croatia and Serbia. For this study, workers from different suppliers of German brands and retailers in Ukraine, Serbia, Croatia and Bulgaria were interviewed.

Erscheinungsjahr: 2020

Umfang: 28 Seiten

Sprache: Englisch

Bezug: kostenfrei zum Download

The Europe Floor Wage Benchmark

Herausgeber_innen: Clean Clothes Campaign CCC (European Production Focus Group)

Autor_in:            Artemisa Ljarja, Dr. Bettina Musiolek

Themen:             Unternehmenskritik/Arbeitsbedingungen

                            Wertschöpfungskette/ Globalisierung/ Welthandel

Zielgruppe:        Student_innen, Erwachsene

Medien:              Hintergrundinformationen

Schlagwörter: Asia Floor Wage, Europe Floor Wage, EU Politik, Existenzlohn, Frauen, Gender, Living wage, Lohn, Menschenrechte, Osteuropa, Produktionsländer

Kurzbeschreibung:

It seems to be widely presumed that working conditions and wages in European fashion

production are better than in Asia. The Clean Clothes Campaign has already questioned this

notion in its 2014 report Stitched up where we found out that the gap between the minimum

and actual wages of workers and an estimated minimum living wage tends to be bigger in Europe

than in Asia. In Europe-East/South it is found a comparatively low level of unionization in general

and in particular in the garment industry.

This paper summarizes and concludes discussions that the CCC’s European Production Focus Group

(Europe-East/South Group) has had in numerous meetings and calls since 2014. The intention has

been to find a methodology for a cross-border base living wage benchmark for European garment

production countries.

Erscheinungsjahr: 2020

Umfang: 27 Seiten

Sprache: Englisch

Bezug: kostenfrei zum Download

Herausgeber_innen: Clean Clothes Campaign, Amsterdam; Public Eye, Zürich

Autor_in: Luginbühl, Christa

Zielgruppe:        Student_innen, Erwachsene

Medien:              Hintergrundinformationen

Schlagwörter: Asia Floor Wage, Care Arbeit, Existenzlohn, Frauen, Gender, Living wage, Produktionsländer

Kurzbeschreibung:

The global garment and footwear industry relies heavily on the work of women, who represent up to 80% of its global workforce. The current living wage debate presents both opportunities and risks for the millions of women workers in this industry. A living wage is a central enabling human right: as such, it is a powerful tool not only to improve the working situation of women workers but also to create an environment in which they can realize their full capabilities. However, if the benchmark for a living wage is set too low, it risks cementing their current situation, in which they face poverty related gender-specific consequences and multiple burdens of work, including care work, and the challenges arising from income poverty, such as the need to work overtime, engage in multiple jobs, or search for the cheapest food, all of which result in absolute time poverty. This paper therefore argues that it is imperative to adopt a gender-sensitive approach in the living wage discourse, and to look at the implications that such an approach has on the methodology of calculating a living wage and on the measures to implement it.

Erscheinungsjahr: 2019

Umfang: 23 Seiten

Sprache: Englisch

Bezug: kostenfrei zum Download als PDF-Datei

Autor_in: Sabina Lawreniuk, Laurie Parsons

Herausgeber_in: CARE Australia

Kurzbeschreibung:

This report presents the findings of a large-scale, nationally representative survey of sexual harassment in the Cambodian garment industry. It combines quantitative survey data from 1,287 workers across 52 factories, with 25 qualitative interviews and 9 focus groups conducted in a variety of different living and working environments. Specifically, the objectives of the study were to:

1. Estimate the prevalence of sexual harassment reported by female and male workers
2. Estimate the annual cost of productivity lost to the garment industry due to sexual harassment affecting its workers by estimating indirect costs of turnover, absenteeism and presenteeism (direct and indirect tangible costs)

3. Examine the harmful negative effects of sexual harassment experienced by female and male workers

Erscheinungsjahr: 2017

Umfang: 94

Sprache: Englisch

Bezug:  kostenfrei zum Download

Autor_in: Kausar Parvin, Mahfuz Al Mamun, Andrew Gibbs, Rachel Jewkes, Ruchira Tabassum Naved

Herausgeber_in: Assel Terlikbayeva, Columbia University, Kasachstan

Kurzbeschreibung:

The prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) is high (54%) in Bangladesh. Moreover, female garment workers report higher rates of IPV and are also vulnerable to workplace violence (WPV). Experience of violence puts women at increased risk of developing depressive symptoms, which are related with low self-esteem, lower life satisfaction and lower productivity. To our knowledge, there has been no previous research on depression among female garment workers and its connections to IPV and WPV in Bangladesh. This paper aims to address this gap by studying the relationship of IPV, WPV and depression among female garment workers.

This study shows the pathways through which experience of IPV and WPV lead to development of depressive symptoms among female garment workers. The link between women’s ability to mobilize resources with self-esteem and work-related stress indicates the need for socio-economic empowerment of women and may suggest that combined intervention to address IPV and women’s empowerment could be successful in dealing with WPV and mental health. 

Erscheinungsjahr: 2018

Umfang: -

Sprache: Englisch

Bezug:  kostenfrei zur Ansicht

Herausgeber_in: HWW, ICN, Somo

Kurzbeschreibung:

This paper investigates how Social Accountability International (SAI) – a social certification organisation for factories and organisations, and the Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI) – an alliance of companies, trade unions and voluntary organisations working to improve the lives of workers – have dealt with concrete complaints about abusive labour conditions in the textile and garment industry in South India. ETI aims to improve working conditions in global supply chains by implementing the ETI Base Code of labour practice. SAI aims to empower workers and managers at all levels of businesses and supply chains, using the SA8000® Standard. Both ETI and SAI have grievance mechanisms in place to deal with breaches of the ETI Base Code and the SA8000® standard. For this paper the Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations (SOMO, the India Committee of the Netherlands (ICN and Homeworkers Worldwide (HWW) assess the effectiveness of these complaint procedures – specifically when it comes to improving the working conditions and labour rights of young women and girl workers in Tamil Nadu.

The authors draw general conclusions about the quality of these grievance mechanisms, using the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGP) as an evaluative frame of reference. ICN and SOMO conclude that the ETI and SAI complaint mechanisms do not provide the needed remedy to the affected workers. The mechanisms do not meet the requirements of the UNGP.

Both mechanisms need to improve procedures in terms of accessibility, legitimacy, predictability, equitability, transparency and rights-compatibility. The parties to the complaints – namely the buying companies, ETI and SAI and the certification bodies Registro Italiano Navale (RINA) and Bureau Veritas Certification (BVC) – were given the opportunity to respond to the findings at key points during the research process. The factories and spinning mills where the violations were reported are not mentioned by name in this paper but are referred to as Factory 1 etc.

Erscheinungsjahr: 2018

Umfang: 27 Seiten

Sprache: Englisch

Bezug:  kostenfrei zum Download

Autor_in: Chloé Bailey

Herausgeber_in: The Freedom Fund

Kurzbeschreibung:

Of the 40 million people trapped in modern slavery today, 70 percent of them are women and girls. Every day across the globe, millions of women and girls are used, controlled and exploited for commercial or personal gain. They are trafficked into the sex industry, kept in servitude as domestic workers in private homes, forced to work in exploitative conditions in factories and bonded into agricultural labour. They suffer terrible violence and are denied their basic rights and freedoms.

Our report, “Her freedom, her voice: Insights from the Freedom Fund’s work with women and girls “, draws on insights from our last four years working in countries with a high burden of slavery. The report identifies promising approaches to tackle this scourge, and highlights priorities for further research and investment.

The Freedom Fund has sought to identify and invest in the most effective frontline efforts to eradicate slavery. Across ‘hotspots’ in Ethiopia, India and Nepal we are supporting frontline NGOs to tackle the risks and vulnerabilities that communities face, including the specific vulnerabilities faced by women and girls. From building rights awareness and keeping girls in school, to opening up new economic opportunities and improving conditions in the workplace, our local partners are working to help women and girls protect themselves from slavery, address the root causes of their exploitation, recover from trauma, prosecute those who abuse them and activate government to take responsibility. 

Globally, more research and sharing of knowledge is needed on the most effective frontline strategies to address the gender dimensions of slavery. In an effort to contribute to this knowledge, this report draws together lessons from Freedom Fund-supported interventions to date.

Erscheinungsjahr: 2018

Umfang: 36 Seiten

Sprache: Englisch

Bezug:  kostenfrei zum Download

Herausgeber_in: FEMNET e.V

Autor_in: Annika Salingré

Schlagwörter: Bangladesch, Frauen, Frauenrechte, Frauen in der Bekleidungsindustrie, Kinderrechte, Kinderbetreuung, Indien

Kurzbeschreibung:

Frauen- und Kinderrechte sind universelle Menschenrechte. Obwohl Frauen und Kinder als besonders schutzbedürftige Mitglieder der Gesellschaft gelten, haben sie weltweit immer noch am meisten unter Menschenrechtsverletzungen zu leiden. Um Mütter und Kinder in der Arbeitswelt zu schützen, gibt es in fast allen Ländern der Welt z.B. einen bezahlten Mutterschutz und in einigen Ländern sogar die gesetzliche Vorschrift für den Arbeitgeber, Kinderbetreuungseinrichtungen am Arbeitsplatz zur Verfügung zu stellen. Indien und Bangladesch gehören zu diesen Ländern, jedoch ist die Umsetzung häufig katastrophal. So sind die Kinderbetreuungseinrichtungen in den Fabriken – wenn es überhaupt welche gibt -, meist unzureichend in Bezug auf Qualität und Kapazität, obwohl sie gesetzlich vorgeschrieben sind. Das Fehlen von Betreuungseinrichtungen für Kinder unter 6 Jahren stellt die arbeitenden Mütter vor enorme Schwierigkeiten und bedeutet eine zusätzliche große Belastung. Viele Kinder werden unzureichend betreut und haben somit keine Chance auf frühkindliche Bildung oder Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten.

Erscheinungsjahr: 2018

Umfang: 4 Seiten

Sprache: Deutsch

Bezug: kostenfrei zum Download:

• Factsheet: Wer passt auf, dass die Unternehmen Verantwortung übernehmen?
• Factsheet: Wer passt auf, dass die Kinder betreut sind?